Purpose

The bill aims to increase legislative oversight of agency rulemaking by requiring the court system to handle questions about the validity or interpretation of agency rules and by mandating timely reporting to legislative leaders about these rulings. It clarifies and expands when and how courts can review rules and decisions in contested cases.

Main Provisions

• 14.44 – Determination of validity of rule

  • A person can seek a declaratory judgment in the Court of Appeals about the validity of a rule if the rule or its threatened application interferes with their legal rights or privileges. The agency must be named as a party.
  • The declaratory judgment can be issued whether or not the agency has previously weighed in on the rule or started enforcement actions.
  • The agency commissioner or head must report to the chairs and ranking minority members of the relevant legislative committees within 30 days after a petition is filed, identifying the rule at issue and including a copy of the petition.

• 14.45 – Rule declared invalid

  • In proceedings under 14.44, the court must declare a rule invalid if it violates constitutional provisions, exceeds the agency’s statutory authority, or was adopted without following required rulemaking procedures.
  • Any party (including the agency) can appeal the decision to the Minnesota Supreme Court.
  • The agency head must report within 30 days of the court’s decision, identifying the invalidated rule and providing a copy of the court’s decision.

• 14.63 – Application (Judicial review)

  • A person aggrieved by a final decision in a contested case may seek judicial review under sections 14.63 to 14.68, but other review methods are not prohibited.
  • A petition for a writ of certiorari must be filed in the Court of Appeals and served on all parties within 30 days after the final decision.
  • The agency head must provide a copy of the writ to the legislative chairs and ranking minority members within 30 days after filing, and must provide the court’s decision on the petition within 30 days of the court’s ruling.
  • References to the judicial review of arbitration awards under sections 572B.01 to 572B.31 remain in effect.

Significant Changes to Law

• Mandatory reporting to legislators: Agencies must report within 30 days to the chairs and ranking minority members after a petition for declaratory judgment (14.44) is filed and after a ruling of invalidity (14.45), including specific rule identification and copies of petitions or court decisions.
• Expanded use of declaratory judgments: Individuals may obtain a declaratory judgment on rule validity even if the agency has not yet ruled or started enforcement.
• Clear timeliness for certiorari and reporting: The process requires strict 30-day timelines for filing petitions and for delivering court decisions and writs to legislative leadership.
• Strengthened oversight of rulemaking: By tying rulings and outcomes of rule challenges more directly to legislative committees, the bill increases transparency and legislative visibility into agency rulemaking and its legal challenges.
• Retained and clarified appellate pathways: Appeals from invalidity decisions can proceed to the Minnesota Supreme Court, maintaining established appellate routes.

How It Would Work in Practice (example)

• A citizen believes a state agency’s rule harms their rights. They file a petition for declaratory judgment under 14.44 with the Court of Appeals. The agency is a required party.
• Within 30 days of filing, the agency must send a report to legislative chairs and ranking minority members, naming the rule and including the petition.
• If the court finds the rule invalid because it violates the constitution, exceeds authority, or skipped proper rulemaking, the decision can be appealed to the Minnesota Supreme Court. The agency must again report within 30 days, sharing the invalid rule and the court’s decision.
• In any contested case with a final decision, a party may seek judicial review via a writ of certiorari filed in the Court of Appeals within 30 days, with the writ and the court’s decision also being communicated to legislative leaders within 30 days.

Relevant Terms - declaratory judgment - rule validity - Court of Appeals - Minnesota Supreme Court - constitutional provisions - statutory authority - rulemaking procedures - agency - commissioner - head of an agency - chairs - ranking minority members - legislative committees - petition - copy of petition - 30 days - rule declared invalid - writ of certiorari - final decision - contested case - judicial review - sections 14.63 to 14.68 - arbitration review (572B.01 to 572B.31)